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Black pepper is mainly used as spice
and its consumption is also known to have many health benefits. Though
there are also white pepper and green pepper, black one is the most
traded one, all being produced from the same fruit. Peppers are used
in whole as well as grounded form all over the world.
- Pepper Producers: Vietnam is the world's largest producer of
pepper followed by India. Indonesia, Brazil, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
China and Madagascarare other major producers of pepper in world.
- Major Production Regions: Binh Phuoc, Dong Nai, Ba Ria - Vung
Tau, Dak Nong, Gia Lai and Dak Lak in Vietnam, Idukki, Waynad &
Coorg in India, Lampung province of Sumatra in Indonesia, State of Para
in Brazil, Sarawak region in Malaysia are the major pepper growing areas.
- Harvesting Seasons: The harvesting season in Vietnam is March-May,
Nov-March in India, July-Oct in Indonesia, August-Oct in Brazil and
May-Aug in Malaysia.
- Exporters: Vietnam leads the pepper exports in world market.
Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Brazil and Sri Lanka are other main exporters.
- Importers: United States is the biggest importer of pepper.
Europe, West Asia and other Asian countries are other big buyers. In
recent times Indonesia has taken the position of top supplier to United
States. India is a exporter as well importer of pepper in world market.
- Major export ports: Hochiminh City (Vietnam), Kochi (India),
Belem (Brazil), Kelung (Malaysia)
Indian Pepper Scenario
Black Pepper is one of the most important spices grown and exported
from India. Like other spices, it too has great domestic demand
so quantity left for export is limited. Black pepper is mainly used
as spice and its consumption is also known to have many health benefits.
In India, the harvesting period is Nov-March with South India
growing almost all the black pepper production led by the state
of Kerala followed by Karnataka and Tamilnadu. Idukki & Waynad in
Kerala and Coorg in Karnataka are major pepper growing areas. U.S., Italy,
Germany, Canada among other countries are big importers of Indian pepper
due to its quality which is why it rules at the premium in International
market. India also exports value added products like pepper oil, pepper
oleoresins, green pepper in brine, dehydrated green pepper etc. India's
main export is of Malabar grade black pepper. The country itself
is a very big consumer of spices so the quantity available for
export is limited as compared to its competitors. The country is also
importing pepper from Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Brazil and Indonesia.
The prices of pepper are highly volatile.
The availablity of pepper futures in Indian commodity market have given
the exporters an opportunity to hedge their risks.
Vietnamese Pepper Scenario
More than 30% of the world production of pepper come from Vietnam with
in the year 2008 it was estimated 34.6%. Binh Phuoc, Dong Nai, Ba Ria
- Vung Tau, Dak Nong, Gia Lai and Dak Lak are the main pepper producing
regions of Vietnam. The total area under pepper cultivation is around
50,000 hectares with production in the region of 90000-100000 tonnes.
The harvesting period is from the month of March to May. Vietnam is not
only the biggest producer of pepper but also the largest exporter in world.
Euorpean and Asian countries are the big buyers of Vietnamese produce
besides U.S.
Indonesian Pepper Scenario
Lampung province of Sumatra is the major black pepper producing region
in Indonesia while Bangka region produces white pepper. The harvesting
season is from the month of July to October. The production is in the
region of 22000-25000 tons contributing 9-10% of the world's production.
Brazilian Pepper Scenario
Major production of the pepper in Brazil comes from the State of Para.
The harvesting period for Brazilian pepper is August to October. Its estimated
production in the year 2008 was 37000 tons contributing 14-15% of the
global production. Brazil is one of the biggest exporter of pepper to
U.S. market.
Malaysian Pepper Scenario
About 95% of the pepper is grown in the Sarawak region in Malaysia and
thus in International market it is traded as Sarawak Pepper. About 14,000
hectares of land is under pepper cultivation in Sarawak, the major pepper
growing area of Malaysia with an annual production in the region of 20,000
to 25,000 tonnes, contributing around 7-8% of the total world production.
The harvesting season is from May to August with the months generally
may and june being the peak of the season. It is not a big consumer like
India so 90% of its production is exported to overseas market.
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